The Prohibited List contains three classes of methods that are banned in sport, both in- and out-of-competition.
Methods prohibited at all times (in- and out-of-competition)
Enhancement of oxygen transfer (M1)
This category includes blood doping, including the use of blood or red blood cell products of any origin. It also includes artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen.
Chemical and physical manipulation (M2)
Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity and validity of samples collected during doping controls is prohibited. This includes but is not limited to urine substitution and/or alteration. Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than 50 mL per 6 hour period are prohibited except for those legitimately received in the course of hospital admissions or clinical investigations.
New! Catheterisation has been removed as an example.
Gene doping (M3)
The transfer of cells or genetic elements or the use of cells, genetic elements or pharmacological agents to modulating expression of endogenous genes having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, is prohibited.
Athletes who need to take a banned medication for a legitimate medical reason may require a medical exemption. Try our Medical Exemption Wizard.
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