Banned Methods

The Prohibited List contains three classes of methods that are banned in sport, both in- and out-of-competition.

Enhancement of oxygen transfer (M1)
This category includes blood doping, including the use of blood or red blood cell products of any origin. It also includes artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen.
New in 2010: Supplemental oxygen is no longer prohibited. 

Chemical and physical manipulation (M2)
Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity and validity of samples collected during doping controls is prohibited. This includes but is not limited to catheterisation for the purpose of adulterating a sample, urine substitution and/or alteration.
New in 2010: Proteases have been added as an example of sample adulteration.

Intravenous infusions are prohibited except for those legitimately received in the course of hospital admissions or clinical investigations.

Gene doping (M3)
The transfer of cells or genetic elements or the use of cells, genetic elements or pharmacological agents to modulating expression of endogenous genes having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, is prohibited.

Athletes who require a banned method for a legitimate medical reason can apply for aTherapeutic Use Exemption (TUE).